我国内蒙古大兴安岭北麓泡状肝包虫种类的研究 II.西伯利亚棘球绦虫(Echinococcus sibiricensis Rauschet Schiller,1954)

Studies on the species of alveolar Echinococcus in northward Daxingan Mountains, Inner Mongolia, China. II. Echinococcus sibiricensis Rausch et Schiller, 1954

目的Rausch and Schiller(1954)在美国阿拉斯加白令海峡St.Lawrence岛从北极狐(Alopex lagopus)和雪撬狗(sledge dogs)发现西伯利亚棘球绦虫新种(Echinococcus sibiricensis sp.nov.),但诸多学者认为E.sibiricensis Rausch et Schiller,1954是欧洲的多房棘球绦虫(Echinococcus multilocularis Leuckart,1863)的地理株(或亚种)(Vogel,1957;Skrjabin and Abuladze,1964;Kumaratilake and Thompson,1982;Meyajaki,1991等)。于1985-2002年间,作者在我国内蒙古大兴安岭北麓草场多年进行泡状棘球蚴(alveolar Echinococcus)病原的野外调查和实验室鼠类的人工感染试验,结果发现该地区同地点存在有北美西伯利亚棘球绦虫、欧洲多房棘球绦虫及苏俄多房棘球绦虫三种不同"地理株",而且三种成虫常混合感染于同一终宿主沙狐(Vulpes corsac)的体内,它们的幼虫期也存在于当地的布氏田鼠(Microtus brandti)。2001年,作者再次检查当地沙狐151只,从中检出19只感染有泡状棘球绦虫成虫。含成熟虫体的13只阳性沙狐中,感染西伯利亚棘球绦虫有11只,其中2只单独感染此虫种,另9只还混合感染了欧洲多房棘球绦虫及苏俄多房棘球绦虫三虫种。在呼伦贝尔草原的泡状棘球蚴病原中,西伯利亚棘球绦虫是优势种,它在终宿主沙狐和中间宿主的感染率都高过其他虫种。本文着重介绍西伯利亚棘球绦虫的成虫子宫结构和它幼虫期在野外布氏田鼠及人工感染实验鼠体内的发育情况。

According to the view of many workers, Echinococcus sibiricensis Rausch et Schiller, 1954 is only a geographical strain or subspecies of Europe Echinococcus multilocularis Leuckart, 1863 （Vogel, 1957; Skrjabin and Abuladze, 1964; Kumaratilake and Thompson, 1982 and Miyazaki, 1991; etc. ）. However, in 1985-2002, authors of the present study have carried out the investigations on the epidemiology of alveolar Echinococcus in Hulunbeier Pasture of northward Daxingan Mountains of Inner Mongolia, China, and the developments of three species of alveolar Echinococcus of Hulunbeier in naturally infected and experimentally infected rodents. It was found that Echinococcus sibiricensis occurred together with Russia Echinococcus multilocularis （Abuladze, 1960） and european Echinococcus multilocularis Leuckart, 1863 in Hulunbeier Pasture. In the same endemic area, the adult worms of these three species of cestodes always lived together in the same inhabitation, that is intestine of their final host sand foxes, Vulpes corsac; and E. sibiricensis possessed different characteristics from europe an Echinococcus multilocularis Leuckart, 1863 and Russia Echinococcus multilocularis （Abuladze, 1960） on uterus structure of adult and metacestode development pattern in experimentally infected rodents and naturally infected voles. The voles, Microtus brandti, were found to be the natural intermediate host of Echinococcus sibiricensis, Russia E. multilocularis and Alveolaris hulunbeierensis Tang et al, 2001.