乙型肝炎疫苗接种对乙型肝炎病毒感染率影响

Change on hepatitis B virus after inoculating HepB

目的了解克拉玛依市乙型肝炎疫苗（乙肝疫苗）接种后,人群血清乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染率的变化。方法采用随机抽样方法抽取克拉玛依市的3个行政区0～80岁人群11801人,进行乙肝疫苗接种率及乙肝感染率调查,采血检测乙肝病毒表面抗原（HBsAg）及抗体（抗-HBs）、乙肝病毒核心抗体（抗-HBc）、乙肝病毒e抗原（HBeAg）和e抗体（抗-HBe）。结果20岁～组以下各年龄组乙肝疫苗平均接种率为96.33%,25岁～组以上各年龄组乙肝疫苗平均接种率为45.44%,两者比较差异有统计学意义（Р〈0.01）。20岁～组以下各年龄组HBsAg阳性率为0.19～5.41%,HBV阳性率为1.64%～37.84%,与1990年调查结果比较均有明显下降（Р均〈0.01）。25岁～组以上各年龄组HBsAg阳性率为5.22%～10.43%,与1990年调查结果比校,无明显下降（Р〉0.05）;HBV阳性率为39.92%～53.16%,均高于1990年调查结果（Р均〈0.01）。结论实施大规模乙肝疫苗接种,并保持较高的接种率,是控制HBV感染最有效的措施;在重点做好计划免疫人群乙肝疫苗接种率的同时,还应提高成人乙肝疫苗接种免疫,以控制成人HBV感染,在全部人群中建立有效免疫屏障。

Objective To know infection rate of HBV in serum after HepB was inoculated in Karamay. Methods 11801 persons aged between 0 and 80 were sampled by randomization in three districts of Karamay. HepB inoculation rate and HBV infection rate were investigated and HBsAg, HBsAb, HBcAb, HBeAg and HBeAb were tested. Results Rate of HepB inoculation was 96.33 % in persons aged under 20 and 45.44 % in groups aged over 25, the difference was significiant between two groups（P〈 0.01）. By contrast with the year of 1990, positive rate of HBsAg （0.19 % -5.41% ） and HBV（ 1.64 % - 37.84% ） declined evidently in groups aged under 20 （P 〈 0.01）. Positive rate of HBsAg （5.22% -10.43% ） didn＇t changed（P〉0.05）and positive rate of HBV（39.92%-53.16%） rised（P 〈 0.01）in groups aged over 25. Conclusion That HepB inoculation rate should be improved is effective measure to control infection of HBV. Immunization barrier should be built in whole population through improving rate of HepB inoculation among the adults.