1650～1850年伊克昭盟人口复原研究——以蒙古人为研究对象

The Study on Population of Yike Zhao League in 1650—1850

清代伊克昭盟的人口数字,尤其是蒙古族的人口数字一直比较模糊。一是因为史书缺乏记载,二是民国以来相关研究太少。相关学者在涉及这一问题时或者避而不谈,或者仍沿用民国时期贺扬灵的估计数字。作者在做相关课题时也涉及到这一问题,并发现贺扬灵的人口估计方法值得商榷。本文以1650～1850年为研究时段,以蒙古人为研究对象,以讨论丁的性质和户均人口为切入点,运用现代人口学的研究方法并结合相关资料,对清代前中期伊克昭盟的蒙古族人口进行复原研究,得出的结论是:1650年人口为14万左右,1750年为17万多,1850年为21万多,达到人口高峰。

The figure of population of Yike Zhao League, especially that of Mongolia, has never been clear in the Qing Dynasty. One reason is having no records in history books. The other reason is having less relative research since the Republic of China. Most of modern researchers avoid this topic or quote the figure that He Yangling proved during the period of the Republic of China. The author finds He Yangling＇s estimate of population is open to question. This paper has a back-to-the ancients research to the population of Yike Zhao League in the earlier mid-period of the Qing Dynasty connecting the research of modern demography and the relative materials. This research is based on the period of 1650-1850, the subject of Mongolians, the nature of ding and the size of family as the starting point. The conclusion is the population figure is 140,000 in 1650, 170,000 in 1750, 210,000 in 1850, reaching the summit of the population.