新世纪以来长篇小说创作的两种现实主义趋向

Two Realistic Tendencies of Novel Composition since the New Century

本文通过对贾平凹的《秦腔》和余华的《兄弟》这两部较有影响的长篇小说的具体分析来探讨新世纪以来长篇小说的创作趋向,在这两部有标志性的作品中,《秦腔》可以称做是一种模拟社会、模拟自然、模拟生活本来面目“法自然的现实主义”;《兄弟》是以夸张和怪诞的手法创作的怪诞的现实主义。这两种审美风格的出现呈现出:新世纪小说重新回到现实社会,重新关注我们当代生活的一些关键问题,关注我们当代生活的精神状态的趋向。同时,也提示我们对文学的现实主义批判精神需要重新认识。

By analyzing ＂Qin Qiang＂ by Jia Ping-wa and ＂Brother＂ by Yu Hua, two influential novels in China,the tendencies of novel composition since the new century are discussed. ＂Qin Qiang＂is a ＂simulated realism＇novel,in which society,nature,and life itself are simulated,while ＂Brother＂is a ＂mysterious realism＂ novel, in which exaggerated and mysterious devices are employed.The aesthetic style presented by the two novels shows that the novels in the new century return to the real society, re-focus on the most important problems in contemporary life, and start to pay attention to the tendencies of spiritual state in contemporary life. Meanwhile,we need to have a fresh recognition of literature＇s realistic criticism.