铁路运输稀土精矿对车辆所致放射性污染水平及分析

RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION LEVEL OF VEHICLES RESULTED FROM TRANSPORTING FINE RARE EARTH MINERALS BY RAIL

本文介绍对运输稀土精矿（氟碳铈镧－独居石）的全钢敞车表面放射性污染水平的监测结果。采用ＦＪ－２２０７型α、β表面污染监测仪，在包头至吴家川（９２４ｋｍ）和包头至三棵树（２２３６ｋｍ）两条铁路线上，对运输稀土精矿的车辆表面总α和总β放射性活度进行现场测量。在约定运输条件下（即包装由两层塑料袋和两层塑料编织袋组成，每袋装５０ｋｇ，每辆车装载６０ｔ），对１６个车辆在装货前、卸货后和洗消后分别进行测量。测量结果表明：卸货后，不同车辆表面放射性污染水平相差甚大；车底污染水平显著高于侧面；运程远的显著高于近的；经洗消后，车辆表面的污染水平均符合有关标准规定，可用于普通货物运输。

This paper presents monitoring results of radioactive contamination level of steel open wagon surface resulted from transporting fine rare earth minerals. Under promising transport conditions (the packaging consists of two layers of plastic bags and two layers of plastic net sacks, each package contains 50 kg of minerals, each vehicle carries 60 t ), the surface radioactivity (total α and total β) of 16 vehicles on two lines from Baotou to Wujiachuan (924 km) and from Baotou to Sankeshu (2 236 km) was measured before loading, after unloading and washing, using α and β surface contamination detector. The results showed that the radioactive contamination level of the vehicle surface after unloading appeared significant difference. The contamination level of vehicle bases was higher than that of both sides, long distance vehicles was higher than that of short distance vehicles. The radioactive contamination level of vehicles surface after washing was below the standard limits, these vihicles can be used for ordinery goods transport. (