工业X射线探伤机泄漏辐射调查与不合格产品的改进措施

INVESTIGATION OF THE RADIATION LEAKAGE FROM X RAY FLAW DETECTORS AND THE IMPROVEMENT MEASURES FOR THE UNQUALIFIED PRODUCTS

本文介绍对北京地区使用的工业Ｘ射线探伤机泄漏辐射情况进行调查的方法与结果。共抽查了北京、上海等地８个厂家生产的２１台探伤机，其中北京、丹东和日本厂家生产的１６台，均为气体冷却的便携式探伤机，上海和德国生产的５台，为水冷或油冷却探伤机。用ＦＪ－３４７Ａ型Ｘ、γ剂量仪对探伤机Ｘ射线管头距靶１ｍ处的泄漏辐射空气比释动能率进行了测试。调查测试结果表明，依据我国机械工业部１９８５年发布的专业标准（ＺＢＹ３１５－８５），５台水冷或油冷式探伤机的防护性能全部合格，而气冷式探伤机只有２台合格，其余１４台探伤机Ｘ射线管头泄漏辐射水平超标，其超标的测点主要分布在管头的阴极侧。文中对探伤机泄漏辐射超标的原因进行了分析。

This paper introduces investigation methods and results for radiation leakage from X ray flaw detectors, which are used in Beijing area. Total 21 sets of flaw detectors made in 8 factories in Beijing, Shanghai etc. have been tested, of which 16 sets made in Beijing, Dandang and Japan are gas cooling flaw detectors, and rest 5 sets made in Shanghai and Germany are water or oil cooling detectors. The air Kerma rate of leadage radiation at 1 m from the X ray tube targat were measured by Type FJ 347A X, γ dosimeter. It can be seen from the results that, compared with the trade standard ZBY315 85, 5 sets of water or oil cooling flaw detectors are all qualified. however, only two sets of gas cooling detectors are qualified, and the radiation leakage of another 14 sets are over the values specified in the standard. The reason is analyzed, and some advices about the measures of improving radiation protection structure design and production technology for the unqualified products have been proposed. (