建鲤新品系的选育

Study on selective breeding in new strain of Cyprinus carpio var. Jian

设计并采用家系选育、系间杂交和雌核发育技术相结合的综合育种技术培育成功的鱼类新品种建鲤,具有生长快、体型好、青灰色、肉质肉味好、饲料转化率高、适应性抗逆能力强等优点。为进一步提高建鲤的生长速度、遗传稳定性和抗逆能力,选用超大的亲本群体和选择强度、快速世代更新及低温繁育筛选等方法,对建鲤进行了3代选育和生产验证,而育成的建鲤新品系,较选育前的建鲤群体增重快13.6%～15.1%,日增重快13.7%～15.48%;青灰色、长体型等表型性状的一致性由选育前的96.2%和95%左右,提高到近乎100%。新品系体型增长,体色一致,群体整体性、美观性有明显提高,体长/体高比值平均增加0.37,增长13.8%,标准差减少11.4%,扩大了推广,进一步验证了建鲤的适应性和抗逆能力。

This paper has designed and adopted Cyprinus carpio var. Jian, a new strain developed by the use of the integrated breeding technology combing genealogical techniques for selection and breeding, hybridization of different lines and techniques of gynogenesis development, Cyprinus carpio var. Jian grows fast, tastes nice, enjoys high feed conversion rate, embodies strong adoptability and anti-adversity capability and has a popular body shape and a blackish-grey body color. For more than a dozen years of extension, Cyprinus carpio var. Jian has achieved remarkable socio-economic returns and been welcomed by farmers and markets. In order to further the growth speed, genetic stability and anti-adversity capability, methods including huge parent population, selection intensity, rapid generation renewal and low-temperation reproductive filtration have been selected to conduct selective reproduction of three filial generations and productive validation of Cyprinus carpio var. Jian, which in turn has developed a new strain of Cyprinus carpio var. Jian. The new strain is faster by 13.70% - 15.10% in population weight increment and 13.70% - 15.48% in individual weight increment. In addition, the coherence of phenotypical characteristics such as blackish-grey body color and long body shape has increased from 96.20% and 95.00% before selection to nearly 100% after selection. With a long body shape and an identical body color, the new strain has markedly enhanced the population integration and aesthetic. Moreover, body lenght/height ratio on average has increased 0.37% or 13.80% while the standard deviation has decreased by 11.40%. All this promotes the extension and further validates the adaptability and anti-adversity capability of Cyprinus carpio var. Jian.