军事精神病学与军事部署:德国联邦国防军士兵中的创伤后应激障碍(英文)

Military Psychiatry and Deployments: Post-traumatic Stress Disorders in Bundeswehr Soldiers

冷战结束后15年间,联邦国防军的任务范围已经扩大为包括到国外执行任务。这类任务要求士兵承受特殊的心理压力。有些士兵在应激状态下出现非特异性应激症状,另有一些士兵则出现伤后应激障碍。联邦军事卫生部门形成了一项医学与心理学应激概念以组织对应激和创伤的预防。在军队医院中,特别是在汉堡的军队医院中,联邦军事卫生部门设立了专门的创伤治疗设施,本文对此做了详细的介绍。内容包括维和任务中的应激因素,士兵中的应激反应,伤后应激障碍的发生,急性应激反应,伤后应激障碍(PTSD),综合发病率,创伤的神经生物学,部队中的心理干预措施,心理应激管理概念,创伤治疗,眼动脱敏作用与后处理(EMDR)以及药物治疗。

In the 15 years since the end of the Cold War, the extended task spectrum of the Bundeswehr has included missions abroad. These entail special psychological stress for soldiers. Some develop unspecific stress symptoms, while others develop posvtraumatic stress disorders as a result of their exposure to stress. The Bundeswehr has created a medical and psychological stress concept to organize the prevention of stress and trauma. In its military hospitals （particularly in Hamburg）, the Bundeswehr has established special facilities for trauma therapy, which will be presented and described in the following article.