摘要
一岁祭与常祀
岁祭是商代最重要的祀典之一。《仪礼·少牢馈食礼》云：“主人曰：孝孙某，来日丁亥，用荐岁事于皇祖伯某，以某妃配某氏，尚享。”郑玄注：“荐，进也。进岁时之祭事也。”又，《仪礼·特牲馈食礼》云：“诹此某事。”郑玄注云：“士祭曰岁事。”又称“常事，《礼记·曾子问》云：“曾子问，宗子为士，庶子为大夫，其祭也如之何？孔子曰：以上牲祭于宗子之家，祝曰：孝子某为介子某荐其常事。若宗子有罪，居于他国，庶子为大夫，其祭也，祝曰：孝子某使介子某执其常事。”岁祭是一年中的常祀，《左传·僖公卅一年》云：“礼不上卜常祀，而卜其牲日。”《吕氏春秋·诚廉》记微子受封，“世为长侯，守殷常礼。”又称时礼，《周礼·牧人》云：“凡时礼之牲，必为栓物。”郑玄注云：“时祀，四时所常祀。”《礼记·哀公问》云：“备其鼎俎，没其豕腊，修其宗庙，岁时以敬其祭祀。”
Sui Ji （岁祭 annual sacrifice） was one of the most important sacrificial ceremonies in the Shang period. According to the ＂Shao Lao Gui Shi Li＂ of the Yi Li （Ritual） （《仪礼·少劳馈食礼》）, it was a sacrificial activity held on certain days in the year. In ancient books it is also called ＂ Sui Shi 岁事,”“Chang Shi 常事,”＂Chang Si 常祀” or ＂Shi Si 时祀＂ and is recorded as a type of memorial activity held in order of the four seasons. As known from oracle-bone inscriptions unearthed from the Yin Ruins, the Sui Ji of the Shang period could be coincident with ＂Zhou Ji 周祭＂ in date with the difference that the former had animal victims while the latter had none. The Heavenly Stems of Sui Ji dates were generally the same as those of sacrificees＇ day names. Before Sui Ji, divination was carried out repeatedly to select the date of sacrifice with ideal celestial phenomena and to decide the type, number, sex and color of animal victims.
出处
《考古学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2007年第2期179-206,共28页
Acta Archaeologica Sinica
