摘要
Recurrence of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma （PDAC） after a resection with curative intent is inevitable in the majority of cases. Approximately three-quarters of patients ultimately die from metastatic, local, or combined tumor recurrence . This may be due to the insufficient control over the disease after resecting the tumor and/or the existence of micrometastases at the time of the initial diagnosis. Even multimodality approaches including surgery, neoadjuvant radio-chemotherapy, adjuvant therapy, and novel targeted therapies offer only limited benefit and are not able to prevent recurrence in most of the patients.
