深圳快速城市化过程中的景观类型转化动态

Landscape change during rapid urbanization in Shenzhen

利用4个时段遥感图像、转移概率方法和优势转移过程空间分布图,定量研究了深圳经济特区1979—2003年景观格局的时空变化特征、驱动力和原因.结果表明:深圳经济特区城市化过程迅速,且主要发生在1979—1990年间.3个研究阶段所表现出来的景观类型动态大相径庭.1979—1990年主要表现为植被退化和转移为人工景观类型阶段,优势景观类型转化的空间位置主要发生在福田区、罗湖区和盐田区,优势景观类型转移过程具有幅度大、强度大的特点;1990—2000年主要表现为大量建设用地的竣工转化为非渗水表面以及少量植被类型向人工景观类型的转化,优势景观类型转化主要发生在南山区和福田区,整个阶段表现出城市成形特征,原有植被景观特别是林地已较少受到人类干扰;2000—2003年则表现为土地利用方式精细整理的城市化过程,有较显著的城市扩建和改造现象,渗水材料的使用有效消除了非渗水表面的负面影响,这一阶段影响幅度大、影响强度中等.

By using the satellite images of 4 periods of time, including the data from Thematic Mapper （ TM）, Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus （ ETM ^＋ ）, Multi Spectral Scanner （MSS） and SPOT, this paper analyzed the landscape change in Shenzhen Special Economic Zone of Guangdong Prov- ince, South China in 1979-2003, aimed to study the temporal-spatial landscape change characteristics, their causes, and major driving forces in this zone. The results revealed that the characteristics of landscape change were completely different among test three periods （1979-1990, 1990-2000 and 2000-2003 ）. During the first period （1979-1990） , urbanization developed very rapidly, and the natural vegetations mainly in Futian, Luohu and Yantian districts degraded and transformed into a landscape with anthropogenic components. In the second period （1990-2000）, landscape conversion mainly took place in Nanshan and Futian districts, where various types of landscape were transformed into impervious surfaces, and parts of the vegetations were transformed into anthropo- genic landscapes. During this period, typical urban characteristics were formed, whereas the remaining vegetations, especially forest stand, were little disturbed. In the third period （2000-2003） , subtle consolidation was observed, and the use of pervious material in certain areas counteracted the adverse ecological impacts of urbanization. The extent of urbanization still increased, but the intensity of landscape change was at lower level than that in previous periods.