有机磷农药对缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)消化腺超微结构的影响

Ultra-structual lesions in digestive gland of Sinonovacula constricta effected by dimethoate and triazophos

在实验室模拟缢蛏生长环境,研究结构、性质不同的两种典型有机磷农药(OPs)乐果和三唑磷对滩涂养殖生物缢蛏的毒性效应,通过电镜观察乐果和三唑磷对缢蛏消化腺超微结构的影响.结果发现,乐果和三唑磷对缢蛏消化腺超微结构的影响相似,主要表现在对腺细胞的细胞核和各种细胞器(如线粒体、内质网、高尔基体)的伤害.主要病变为:细胞核变形,核膜或凸起或凹陷,染色质发生凝聚或边缘化;线粒体肿大,双层膜溶解,内嵴部分消失;个别线粒体内嵴完全瓦解,形成电子透明区;粗面内质网水肿,核糖体部分脱落,片层结构水肿、囊泡化,严重者出现大的囊泡区.本研究为了解不同OPs对缢蛏的毒性效应提供了病理形态学证据.

The toxic effects of two typical organophosphorous pesticides （OPs）, dimethoate and triazophos, on Sinonovacula constricta （Lamarck） living in the intertidal sediment were investigated in this study. S. constricta were cultured in the laboratory simulating the razor living surrounding. Samples were taken at 14d after exposed to OPs. The concentrations of OPs were determined with GC. Ultra-structure changes in digestive glandular epithelium of S. constricta were observed with an electron microscope. The ultra-structure of digestive gland was destroyed when exposed to dimethoate and triazophos. Symptoms had presented as lesions of nuclear, cellular organelles such as mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. The nuclear became malformed. The nuclear envelopes were either convex or concave. And the chromatin became agglomerated or on the edge. Mitochondfia swelled up, and the cristae of mitochondria disintegrated partly, some completely and became transparent electronic density area. The rough endoplasmic reticulum swelled up and ribosome fell from the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The lamina structure swelled up, dilated, and appeared vacuolation or even formed large vacuolated area. The study provided pathologic and morphologic evidences for the toxic effects of OPs on S. constricta.