几类异质小麦雄性不育系育性恢复的染色体行为研究

Meiotic Chromosome Behaviors on the Fertility Restoration of Alloplasmic Male Sterile Wheat

为了研究异质小麦雄性不育系减数分裂中期I与后期I的染色体行为及与育性恢复的相关性,以几类异质小麦雄性不育系为母本,用常规品种(系)作为父本与其杂交,调查了杂种F1减数分裂中期I单价体频率与后期I染色体变异率及自交结实率之间的相关性。结果表明:(1)花粉母细胞减数分裂中期I单价体频率与后期I染色体变异率呈显著正相关,后期I染色体变异率与自交结实率呈负相关,但不显著;(2)相同异质不育系与相同或不同品种杂交时减数分裂中期I单价体频率与后期I染色体变异率及结实率差异不显著;(3)不同异质不育系与相同或不同品种杂交时减数分裂中期I单价体频率与后期I染色体变异率差异性较为显著,但减数分裂中期I单价体频率与结实率差异性不显著;(4)异质小麦中,异源胞质影响染色体变异,但核基因是调控的关键因素。

To disclose the correlation between the meiotic metaphase Ⅰ and anaphase Ⅰ with fertility restoration of the alloplasmic wheat, the meiotic chromosome behaviors on fertility restoration of several alloplasmic wheat lines were studied by cytological technique and intra-crossing. The results indicated that ：（1） During the development of pollen mother cells, significant correlation existed between the frequency of abnormal chromosome pairing at the meiotic metaphase Ⅰ（FCPMm） and the frequency of abnormal chromosomal division at the meiotic anaphase Ⅰ, but no significant correlation between frequency of chromosomal abnormality at the meiotic anaphase Ⅰ（FCAMa） and the seed set; （2）While the same alloplasmic wheat were crossed with other wheat lines （cultivars）, no significant difference existed in the frequency of abnormal chromosome pairing, chromosome division and the seed set; （3） Different alloplasmic wheat lines were crossed with other wheat lines （cultivars）, significant difference existed in the frequency of abnormal chromosome pairing and abnormal chromosome division, but no significant difference in the frequency of abnormal chromosome pairing at metaphase Ⅰ and the selfed seed set rate; （4） The nucleo-cytoplasmic interaction played a major role in chromosome behaviors at the meiosis during the development of pollen mother cells.