陕西省小麦地方品种主要性状的遗传多样性研究

Genetic Diversity in Main Characters of Wheat Landraces in Shaanxi Province

为进一步挖掘小麦种质资源潜力,给小麦新品种选育创造条件,对陕西省陕北、关中、陕南三个地区1 225份小麦地方品种主要性状的遗传多样性进行了分析和比较。结果表明,7个形态性状、3个农艺性状和2个抗病性状都存在着广泛的遗传多样性。通过对三个地区小麦12个性状的比较发现,在株高、千粒重、颖壳颜色3个性状上,陕北地区小麦品种的遗传多样性指数(H′)较高,存在较大的变异;关中地区小麦品种在穗粒数、粒色、穗型和赤霉病抗性4个性状上遗传多样性指数(H′)较高,表现较大的变异;陕南地区小麦品种则在冬春性、成熟期、芒长、硬度和条锈病抗性5个性状上遗传多样性指数(H′)较高,变异较大,并且性状内的变异也相当丰富,这些都是陕西小麦资源遗传多样性的重要特征。

This article analyzed and compared the genetic diversity in main characters of 1 225 landraces, which were from northern Shaanxi, Guanzhong, Southern Shaanxi area. The results show that there are abundant genetic diversity in seven morphologic characters, three agronomic characters and two disease traits of Shaanxi wheat landraces. There are higher genetic diversity indexes（H＇） in plant height ,1000-grain weight and glume colour in Londraces from Northern Shaanxi; higher genetic diversity indexes（H＇）in kernel number ,kernel color ,ear type, and scab in landraces from Guanzhong, and higher genetic diversity indexes（H＇）in winter and spring, mature date, awn length, grain hardivss, stripe rust in landraces from Sourthern Shaanxi. These are the improtant characteristics in genetic diversity of Shaanxi wheat landraces .