播种方式对两类小麦品种分蘖成穗及其产量构成的影响

Effects of Planting Pattern on Formation of Spike and Yield Component of Two Types of Wheat

为寻求不同播种方式对大穗型和多穗型两类品种分蘖成穗的影响及高产栽培的群体调控技术指标,以山东省具有代表性的四个小麦品种为材料,研究了在稀植点播条件下的分蘖与成穗潜力及播种方式对产量的影响。结果表明,两类参试品种在稀植条件下均具有较高的单株分蘖力、成穗数及成穗率,但品种间存在较大差异。两类品种分蘖与成穗特点受群体环境的影响程度均较大,其中,两个大穗型品种山农8355和山农01-35又影响的程度更高,而两个多穗型品种济麦20和鲁麦14分蘖成穗特点对群体环境的响应程度不如大穗型敏感。播种方式对产量的影响程度因品种而异,多穗型品种单产均表现为宽行>窄行>撒播,但只有撒播与宽行和窄行间差异显著;大穗型品种均以窄行的产量最高,高低依次为窄行>宽行>撒播,但只有山农01-35品种达到显著差异水平。撒播减产的原因主要是前期过高的分蘖力导致群体数量增加,降低了个体干物质积累,穗粒数及粒重大幅度下降。

The impacts of planting of wheat of big spike and multi spi higher tillering ability, ears, and difference. Between different types response degree in the population pattern on the formation of spike and yield component of two types kes were studied. The results indicated that two types of wheat had earring percentage on the dibble way, although there existed big the tillering and earring characteristic of two types also had higher environment The effects on two large-spike cultivars, Shannong 8355 and Shannong 01-35, were more intense than on two multiple-spike cultivars, Jimai 20 and Lumai 14. The response degree of wheat to planting pattern was different among the varieties. The multiple-spike cultivars showed that： yield in wide space was higher than that in narrow space and in scatter way. The yield in wide space and narrow space both had significant difference with that in scatter way. The yield of the large-spike cultivars showed that narrow space〉 wide space 〉 scatter way, only the difference of Shannong 01-35 in different planting patterns was significant. The reason for lower yield of scatter way was that the bigger tillering ability in earlier stages increased amounts of population, which weakened dry matter accumulation of individual and reduced the number of grains and kernel weight.