某市粉尘管理现状及其管理建议调查

INVESTIGATION ON CURRENT SITUATION AND SUGGESTIONS OF DUST ADMINISTRATION IN ONE CITY

[目的]了解目前某市粉尘的管理现状,粉尘管理中存在的问题及其建议,为制定某市尘肺防治工作计划、修订国家粉尘管理政策提供参考依据。[方法]对某市的所有职业卫生机构采用普查的方法,以职业卫生专职管理人员为调查对象填写问卷。采用EXCEL建立数据库,进行分析。[结果]某市新发矽肺病例主要集中在冶金、煤炭、耐火材料、陶瓷、建材等行业。粉尘作业场所的平均监测率为60.64%,平均超标率为62.94%。接尘工人的平均监护率为40.68%。作业场所空气粉尘的监测指标主要是总粉尘浓度、游离SiO2含量、呼吸性粉尘浓度和粉尘分散度等。职业卫生管理人员就粉尘作业场所管理方面提出如下建议,应加强监测人员培训,完善监测规范;粉尘的接触限值应按行业、工种等个性化制定;监测周期应该一年1次;健康监护的对象应包括所有的接尘工人和接尘5年以上的脱尘工人;监护周期应根据行业和工种制定,同时还应该考虑接尘工龄等因素。[结论]某市粉尘危害仍很严重,粉尘管理的工作还不到位,在粉尘管理方面仍需采取相应措施。职业卫生管理人员在粉尘作业场所的监测和健康监护等方面提出的相关建议,为国家修订粉尘危害管理政策提供参考依据。

[Objectives]To understand the current situation of dust administration in one city,questions and suggestions existed in the dust management,so as to provide evidences for government formulating the plan of prevention for pneumonoconiosis,and revising the national policy for dust administration.[Methods]All of occupational health institutes were selected,some occupational health administrators were investigated.Database was set up in excell,and the date were analyzed.[Results]Most cases of new pneumonoconiosis were distrbuted in vocations of metallurgy, coal, refractory materials, ceramics, and building materials. The average monltoring rate of dust sites was 60.64%. The mean rate of over standard was 62.94%. The Mean rate of surveillance of workers exposed to duff was 40.68%, The main monitoring indexes of dust were total dust Concentration free SiO2 cocetration respiratory dust concentration and the dust dispersion degree and so On. Suggestions of occupational health sdministrstor for dust administration Were the followings. Techniques training of dust detection should be ebance on workers the standards of dust deteion should be consummated ; the exposure limit of dust should be formulated according to vocation and types of work; the monitoring period should be once a year. The healthy guardianship objects ahould include all the dust workers and the dust escaped workers with dust exposure for five years and more. The guardianship period should be different according to the profession and the type of work, dust exposure, and so on. [Gonelusions] Incidence of pneumonoconiosis is high and dust management work is weak. The corresponding measures have to be taken in the dust management. Suggestions of dust monitoring and health surveillance might be reference for government to revise policies for dust administration.