郑州—乌鲁木齐客运乘务员秋季营养调查

SURVEY ON AUTUMN NUTRITIONAL STATE OF ZHENGZHOU-URUMCHI TRAIN ATTENDANTS

[目的]了解客运乘务员的营养状况,分析其特殊的工作环境及作息规律所形成的膳食特点对该工种人员健康状况的影响。[方法]①膳食调查(称重法);②体格检查;③生化检验;④列车员一日生活观察及能量消耗测定。[结果]76名乘务人员平均每人每日摄取蛋白质95.1g,优质蛋白比占38%,脂肪168.1g,糖381g,热量3417kcal(14.30MJ);钙、磷、铁充足,钙︰磷=1︰2.86;维生素A摄取缺乏,维生素B2摄入轻度不足,其他维生素均为充裕。体格检查见个别人有舌肿大、舌裂隙、舌乳头肿大、牙龈肿胀、出血、萎缩等维生素缺乏体征,暗适应时间平均为34.4s。生化检查维生素B1排出量﹤200μg者占43.42%,维生素B2排出量﹤350μg者占30.26%,维生素C排出量均在3mg以上。[结论]应当减少动物脂肪摄入量,适当增加动物内脏、绿色蔬菜摄入;改进烹调方法,减少淘米时间;适当提高早餐热量供应,降低晚餐热量摄取比例。

[Objective]To understand the nutritional state of train attendants,and analyze the effects of the diet characteristics forming in their special work environment and work and rest pattern on their health conditions.[Methods]Diet investigation（weighing）,physical checkup,biochemical check and one-day life observation and energy assumption measurement were carried out in train attendants.[Results]On a daily average,every attendant intook 95.1g protein,of which high quality protein amounted to 38%,168.1g of fat,381g of sigar amd 3.417kcal （14.30MJ） of heat; the intakes of calcium, phosPhorus and iron were aufficient,and calcium phosphorous ration equalled to 1： 2.86; intake of Vitamin A was ihsuffcient, thai of vitamin B2 was slightly insufficient ,and that of all other vitamins was suffcient ,For phy;ical check-up, a few individuals were found to have vitamin deficiency symptoms such as lingual swelling,tongue crack, lingual papilla swelling, gum swelling.bleeding or atrophy;average dark adaptation time was 34.4s,Biochemical check showed that objects with vitamin B1 ejection 〈200 μg accounted for 43.42%,those with vitamin B2 ejection〈350 μg accounted for 30.25% and vitanmin C ejetion of all were more than 3mg.[Conclusions] It is suggested that reducing animal fat ingestion and increasing intake of arimal offal and ree vegetahles;improving cooking method such as ,reducing rice washig time ;and cising beat supply for breakfast and decreasing the proprtion of beat for supper.