昆明市2004年中小学生营养状况分析

ANALYSIS ON NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF STUDENTS FROM PRIMARY AND MIDDLE SCHOOLS IN KUNMING

[目的]了解昆明市中小学生营养状况,为学生营养不良、超重及肥胖的综合防治工作提供科学的理论依据。[方法]按照卫生部《学校卫生情况年报表填报说明及技术规范》的要求,对昆明市7所中小学校的5956名学生进行身高、体重的测量,采用《1995年全国7～22岁身高标准体重值》作为评价标准。[结果]昆明中小学生营养不良率为26.83%;超重率为8.83%;肥胖率为8.46%。女生营养不良率高于男生,男生超重和肥胖率高于女生。初中生营养不良及肥胖率均高于高中生及小学生。小学生肥胖率有随年龄增长而增加的特点。10～12岁为肥胖增长的高发年龄。[结论]昆明市中小学生营养状况不容乐观,昆明市中小学生的营养不良和营养过剩两种营养问题并存,学生的营养总体上分布出现“双峰现象”,即肥胖、超重及营养不良并存,正常体重者比例减少,应针对中小学生营养不良及营养过剩的问题,提出确实可行的干预措施。

[Objective] To understand the nutritional status of students from primary and middle schools in Kunming, so as to provide scientific evidence for comprehensive measures for control and prevention of malnutrition,overweight and obesity.[Methods]According to“the requisition of Ministry of Public Health about annual sanitation of school and technological specification”,body heights and weights of 5 969 students from 7 primary and middle schools in Kunming were tested,with“the standards of height and weight of the whole children of China in 1995” as evaluation criterion： [ Results] The rate of malnutrition was 26.83%, the rate of overweight was 8.83%, and the rate of obesity was 8.46%. The rate of malnutrition for girls was higher boys,but the rate of overweight and obesity for boys were higher than girls. The rates of malnutrition and obesity for primary middle school students were both higher than those for senior middle school students and primary school students,The rate of obesity in ptimary school inereased with the growth of students the high frequency of obesity was at the age of 10-12 years old.[Concluslons] The nutritional status of students in primary and middle schools in Kunming are not optimistic,malnutrtion coexisted with over-nutrition,A double hfimp phenomenon appears in the distribution of nutritional status which is obesity, overweight and malnutr/tion existing simultaneously,and the proportion of normal weight has decreased. AccOrding to the problems of malnutrition and over-nutrition, some effective measures should be advocated.