作为价值事实的社会和谐与作为价值感受的社会和谐

On Social Harmony Value

和谐是关系的规定,只有关系才有和谐不和谐的问题。和谐作为关系的规定既可以从事实的角度看,也可以从感受的角度看。构建和谐的社会关系应该兼顾和谐的事实与和谐的感受,而且应该和相应的社会角色与相应的量度相结合。社会是否和谐“作为事实”主要是指“扮演相应角色的关系方面”实际上是否被肯定;社会是否和谐“作为感受”则主要是指“扮演相应角色的关系方面”想不想、希望不希望以当下的状态或身份被肯定。作为事实,社会和谐的最低要求是,确保所有扮演正常社会角色的人都能在衣食无忧的状态下生存下去,最高境界是,已有的社会关系对任何人的任何社会身份来说都是肯定性的。作为感受,社会和谐的最低要求是,“所有正常角色的扮演者”都能容忍所涉及的社会关系状况,最高境界是,任何一种社会角色想做的任何事都是所有角色都希望他做的。

As harmony is the determinandum of relationship, only relationship can be predicated to be harmonious or disharmonious. Harmony can both be a fact and a feeling. When establishing harmonious social relationship, we should take both harmonious fact and harmonious feeling into consideration, and should also give a co-consideration of the social role and quantitative dimension. As a fact, the social harmony depends on the actual affirmation of the related social roles, and as a feeling, the social harmony depends on social members＇ desire to be affirmed with their existing social status. As a fact, the minimum requirement of social harmony is to insure that all social members acting normal social roles need not worry about their food and clothing, and the tiptop level of social harmony is that the social relationship is affirmative to any member with any social status. As a feeling, the minimum requirement of social harmony is that the normal social members can all tolerate the existing social relationships, and the tiptop level of social harmony is that anything desired by any member with any social status can be willingly approved by all other members.