历史时期(1797-1958)西藏地区的雹灾及其应对考述——以西藏地方历史档案资料研究为中心

On the Hail Disasters and Anti-disaster in Tibet in History(1797-1958)

西藏位于我国西南边陲的青藏高原，地形复杂，平均海拔4000米以上。在高海拔环境与复杂地形的影响下，自然灾害较为频繁，主要有地震、干旱、雪灾、洪涝、泥石流、冰雹、霜冻、虫害、瘟疫等，是我国自然灾害的多发区之一。近年来，伴随环境意识的加强和减灾活动的开展，特别是藏学研究的兴旺，有关西藏历史上自然灾害的研究也受到一些研究者的关注，

Tibet is the area where there are many hails. Aecordint to the Tibetan local files, there were at least 60 hail disasters from 1797 to 1958. The hail disasters took place frequently, in certain areas, accompanied by other disasters, and usually took place before autumn harvest and at dusk. The disasters did great harm to the social and ecconomic production, distroying farmland, cannals and crops. Sometimes the disasters even took off the whole harvest. They affected animal husbandry and people＇s life. Tibet was religous and backward, people believed that hails were the things thrown down while the demons were fighting. In order to prevent the disaster, the government and farmers hired the proefessional wizards. And there existed a hail - preventing dance named ＂jidajimu＂. In order to releaf the social earthquake caused by hail disasters, Tibetan government did well in the forecast and canceled the taxes of the disaster- affected people. Government also gave out or lent to people grain or other staffs when they met with disasters. Although what the government did was limited, it helped to keep the peace of Tibet.