1Otter MW,McLeod KM,Rubin CT.Effects of electromagnetic fields in experimental fracture repair[J].Clin Orthop,1998,355S:90.
2Markel MD,Wikenheiser MA,Chao EY.Formation of bone in tibial defects in a canine model.Histomorphometric and biomechanical studies[J].J Bone Joint Surg[Am],1991,73:914.
3Shapiro F.Cortical bone repair.The relationship of the lacunar-canalicular system and intercellular gap junctions to the repair process[J].J Bone Joint Surg[Am],1988,70:1067.
4Schenk RK,Simon BJ,Bax CM,et al.Histology of distraction osteogenesis.In:Brighton CT,Friedlander GE,Lane JM,et al.,editors.Bone formation and repair[M].Rosemont,Illinois:American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons,1994:387-394.
5Bassett CA.Fundamental and practical aspects of therapeutic uses of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs)[J].Crit Rev Biomed Eng,1989,17:451.
6Bassett CA,Mitchell SN,Gaston SR.Pulsing electromagnetic field treatment in ununited fractures and failed arthrodeses[J].JAMA,1982,247:623.
7Gossling HR,Bernstein RA,Abbott J.Treatment of ununited tibial fractures:a comparison of surgery and pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF)[J].Orthopedics,1992,15:711.
8Holmes GB Jr.Treatment of delayed unions and nonunions of the proximal fifth metatarsal with pulsed electromagnetic fields[J].Foot Ankle,1994,15:552.
9Bassett CA,Schink-Ascani M.Long-term pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) results in congenital pseudarthrosis[J].Calcif Tissue Int,1991,49:216.
10Di Silvester M,Savini R.Pulsing electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) in spinal fusion:preliminary clinical results[J].Chir Organi Mov,1992,77:289.