论共同体的宗教本质

On Religious Nature of Community

共同体与其个体成员之间的关系是一种宗教性的关系,这种关系是由人之生存的基本问题决定的。从克尔凯郭尔对人之生存的基本问题的界定来看,人与超越性的神(他者)之间的关系是根本性的,这种关系包含了肯定与否定两个环节。黑格尔对古希腊伦理共同体的分析表明,共同体通过战争、劳动、生殖这些环节,帮助个体战胜了人与超越性的神之间的否定性关系,从而得以取代神成为个体之人的价值和尊严的来源。因此,共同体是从人与超越者固有关系中取得其权力的,共同体的宗教性当在此意义上来理解。

The relationship between community and its individual members is religious. This is determined by the fundamental problem of human existence. Based on Kierkegaard's notion of human existence, this paper points out that the fundamental problem is the relationship between the transcendent God (Other) and the individual, which is both positive and negative. Taking Hegel's interpretation of the ancient Greek community as an example, this paper demonstrates that the individual overcomes the negative element in its relationship with the transcendent God through war, labour and reproduction in a community. In this way, community substitutes for God as the holy source of value and dignity of the individual. Thus, it is concluded that community gets power from the transcendent God and is essentially a religious entity.