崇西湿地冬季潮滩鱼类种类组成及多样性分析

SPECIES COMPOSITION AND BIODIVERSITY OF THE INTERTIDAL FISHES IN CHONGXI WETLAND IN WINTER IN CHANGJIANG ESTUARY

根据2006年冬季在崇西湿地进行的光滩和草滩插网渔获调查,首次对冬季长江口潮滩鱼类种类组成、多样性及相关环境因子作了分析。结果表明:冬季崇西湿地潮滩鱼类主要由淡水小型鱼类组成,共23种,隶属7科,20属。光滩和草滩插网的最大优势种皆为油(Hemiculter bleeleri),两种网具的渔获种类组成具一定的相似性。在一个潮周期内,3种多样性指数D、H′和J值波动范围较大,小汛潮时多样性指数比其它潮汛低。白天和晚上潮水的鱼类种类数无显著变化(P>0.5),但在个体数和生物量上白天较晚上潮水高(P<0.5)。水温、潮汐大小对潮滩鱼类丰度影响较大,而与盐度相关较小。此外,天气状况也是影响潮滩鱼类的一个重要因子。总之,潮滩鱼类的种类组成和多样性受到各种环境因子的综合影响。

Based on surveys with tide nets in the bare and marsh flat in Chongxi wetland in Changjiang estuary in winter of 2006, the species composition, biodiversity and related environmental factors of the intertidal fishes were analyzed. The intertidal fishes are almost composed of the fresh water and small-sized fishes, consisting of 23 species, 7 families, 20 genera. The most dominant specie is Hemiculter bleeleri both in the two nets. Although the fish abundance in the tide net in bare flat is higher than that in marsh flat, the species composition of the fishes in two nets has some similarity. In a tide cycle, the D, H＇ and J＇s indexes have a larger range and the values in low tides are lower than that of the other tides. The species and number of fish at daytime tide are slightly higher than that of night tide, but there is no significant correlation between day and night tides. Temperature and tide size influenced greatly the intertidal fish＇s abundance. In addition, the status of weather is also an important factor for intertidal fishes. It is concluded that the species composition of intertidal fish is comprehensively influenced by environmental factors.