南方重金属矿区重金属的污染特征及评价

POLLUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF HEAVY METALS AND THEIR POLLUTION EVALUTION IN THE HEAVY METAL MINING AREAS IN SOUTH CHINA

采用全面踏查和典型调查相结合的方法,对福建主要重金属矿区的尤溪铅锌矿、连城铅锌矿和连城锰矿不同片区重金属污染状况进行调查。结果表明:福建重金属矿区重金属污染极其严重,矿区中Mn、Zn、Pb、Cd最高含量分别达92 546、27 454、23 792和248 mg/kg,是对照区的几倍至上百倍。根据国家土壤环境质量三级标准,按照重金属单项污染指数标准进行的污染评价表明:南方重金属矿区Zn、Pb、Cd均达到重度污染标准,污染程度表现为尤溪铅锌矿区>连城铅锌矿区>连城锰矿区。按照综合污染指数评价标准,福建连城铅锌矿、连城锰矿和尤溪铅锌矿的综合污染指数也达到重度污染标准,分别是重度污染临界标准的16.5、10.6和53.6倍,不同矿区的重金属污染程度大小排序为尤溪铅锌矿区>连城铅锌矿区>连城锰矿矿区。

The heavy metal pollution was investigated in different heavy metal mines of south China. The results showed that heavy metal pollution was serious in the heavy metal mines of Fujian Province. The highest contents of Mn, Zn, Pb, Cd in different mining areas were 92 546, 27 454, 23 792, 248 mg/kg respectively, which were all higher than those of their soil background. The Zn, Pb, Cd pollution in different heavy metal mines of Fujian Province was clarified to serious degree when compared with the Soil Environmental Quality Standard by the single factor and comprehensive factor pollution evaluation. The heavy metal pollution degree in different heavy metal mines of Fujian Province was in the sequence of Pb and Zn Mine in Youxi ） Pb and Zn Mine in Liancheng ） Mn Mine in Liancheng.