队列行驶车辆间距对气动特性的影响

The Influence of Inter-vehicle Distance on Aerodynamic Characteristics of Vehicle Platoon

为了研究车辆前后间距和车辆数目对智能交通系统中队列行驶车辆气动特性的影响,首先对单辆车进行数值模拟,并将模拟结果与风洞试验结果进行对比,然后对两辆车在5种不同间距下以及3～7辆车在固定间距下队列行驶的情况分别进行了数值模拟及分析。研究表明:单辆车数值模拟结果与风洞试验结果基本吻合。队列行驶车辆随着车辆间距的减小,各车阻力系数不断降低。在固定间距下,随着队列中车辆数目的增加,平均阻力系数可降低20%～30%,阻力最低的车大致处于车队的中心位置。

In order to study the effect of the number of vehicle and inter-vehicle distance on the aerodynamic characteristics of vehicle platoon in intelligent transportation systems （ITS）, a single vehicle is simulated first and its results are compared with that of wind tunnel test. Then two-vehicle platoon in 5 different inter-vehicle distances and 3,4,5,6 and 7-vehicle platoon with fixed spacing are also simulated and analyzed respectively. The results indicate that the numerical simulation results of a single vehicle basically agree with test ones, while the drag coefficients of vehicle platoon reduce with the decrease of inter-vehicle distance. As for fixed vehicle spacing, with the increase of vehicle number in platoon, the average drag coefficient ＇can reduce by 20% - 30% and the vehicle with the lowest drag is about at the center of the platoon.