方相氏“黄金四目”的训诂与意义

Explanation and Meaning of Fangxiang's "Four Golden Eyes"

原始巫傩中的方相氏扮相特点“狂夫四人”与“黄金四目”释解是个谜,至今无定论。从古文字学角度考略可发现,“黄金四目”的“四”字原为“吅”之误,读“xuan”,义为“惊嘑(呼)也”,由此解开了“狂夫四人”与“黄金四目”意义的疑惑。方相氏角色"黄金四目"扮相的意义在于消解死魂灵对人的威胁力量,而转化为人类战胜疾病与自然灾难的新力量去驱疫逐祟,这种原始生民灵魂的扭曲与复活形态,是传承至今的原始巫傩灵魂与精髓所在。

The explanations of the features of Fangxiang＇ s appearances, such as ＂Four Crazy Men＂ and ＂Four Golden Eyes＂ in the primitive Sorcery and Nuo Culture haven＇ t come to the end. In view of paleography, we can find out that the ＂four＂ in the ＂Four Golden Eyes＂ is mistaken to be read as ＂Xuan＂ ,which means ＂surprise＂. In this way the meanings shown in ＂Four Crazy Men＂ and ＂Four Golden Eyes＂ have become clear. The meaning of Fangxiang＇ s appearances lies in dissolving the spirit＇s threatening force towards the human beings and it is transferred to be a new force of people＇ s defeating diseases and disasters in nature. And this distortion and resurrection of the primitive people＇ s spirits display the soul and essence of the primitive Sorcery and Nuo Culture.