河北平原地下水水位的时空变异

Spatio-Temporal Variability of Groundwater Level in China's Hebei Plain

在地理信息系统（GIS）支持下,运用地统计学方法研究了河北省近15年来地下水水位的时空变异规律,利用克里金（Kriging）法绘制了两个时段地下水水位空间分布图并进行了具体比较分析.结果表明：运用地统计学的半变异函数方法很好地模拟了不同时期河北省地下水水位的空间结构和变异特征,得出地下水水位的变化在中尺度上具有一定的空间自相关,1986-1990年时段地下水水位具有明显的方向变异性,而1996-2000年的方向变异性不明显.Kriging插值表明,河北省地下水水位具有空间分布整体趋势,从东向西、从滨海平原到山麓平原地下水水位逐渐增高,西部和中部平原地下水埋深较大,地下水水位变化较大,而滨海平原地下水埋深浅,地下水水位变化小.受人口、灌溉面积、降水和径流等诸多因素的影响,河北省地下水水位整体下降,严重阻碍了河北省经济的可持续发展.

Based on the spatially analytic function of GIS, the spatio-temporal variability of groundwater level in China＇ s Hebei plain was studied by using the semivariogram and ordinary Kriging method of geostatistics, from which the spherical model fitted both the data sets in the periods 1986-1990 and 1996-2000. The spatial heterogeneity of groundwater level caused by its authigenic factors was big and, as an anisotropic result of groundwater level, it was found that there was a significant level difference in the period 1986- 1990. The spatial distribution mapping of groundwater level by Kriging interpolation with the data of groundwater level in 1986 -1990 and 1996- 2000 showed that the trend of spatial distribution as a whole is that the groundwater level becomes high gradually from east to west and from the littoral plain to the piedmont plain, and the groundwater in the west middle plain is deeper than in the littoral plain. In conclusion, on the whole, there was a drawdown in the period from 1986 to 2000 because of such influencing factors as population, irrigation area, rainfall and run-off, which affects seriously the sustainable economic development of Hebei Province.