稻鸭共作对稻田主要病、虫、草的生态控制效应

Ecological control effects of rice-duck integrated farming on main diseases,insects and weeds in paddy fields ecosystem

通过鸭子在稻田食物链的增加,研究了稻鸭共作对稻田生态系统主要病、虫、草发生规律的影响。结果表明,稻鸭共作对杂草的防除效应达到96.1%,降低了稻田杂草的发生种类,Pielou均匀度指数显著提高;稻鸭共作对稻飞虱具有明显的生物控制效应,综合防效达到65.49%;稻鸭共作因鸭子对蜘蛛的捕食,虽然降低了稻田蜘蛛的数量,但由于稻飞虱数量明显减少,因此显著提高了稻田蜘蛛与稻飞虱的比例;鸭子对稻纵卷叶螟和二化螟有一定的控制效应,但控制能力随着水稻株高的增加而逐渐下降;稻鸭共作虽不能因鸭子的活动而控制纹枯病的发生,但能减轻纹枯病的发病程度;稻鸭共作对稻瘟病也有明显的抑制作用,综合防效达到57.02%。此外,还探讨了稻鸭共作对稻田病、虫、草的生态控制机制。

The ecological effects of rice-duck integrated fanning on developing regularity of rice diseases, insects and weeds were studied. The results showed that flee-duck integrated fanning could prevent 96. 1% of the weeds from growing, thus reduced the varieties of the weeds, although the Pielou evenness index significantly rose. Rice-duck integrated fanning had visible ecological effect on control over brown planthoppers, and the total prevention rate reached 65.49%. By adopting flee-duck integrated fanning, the ducks preyed on spiders, which reduced the numbers of spiders, as a result, the ratio between spiders and brown planthoppers was significantly increased. Although ducks had some control effect on Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee and Chilo suppressalis Walker, their control ability over such insects was weakened with the growth of rice plants. Rice-duck integrated fanning cut down the occurrence rate of rice stripe disease event if this method could not fully prevent the disease from arising. Besides, fieeduck integrated fanning also effectively controled rice blast, and the prevention rate reached 57.02%. In addition, the article also probed into the ecological mechanism of fiee-duck integrated farming＇s control over rice diseases, insects and weeds.