联生矿床——第四种矿床成因类型

Cogenetic Deposit: The Forth Genetic Type of Mineral Deposits

联生矿床是指在内生和外生因素共同作用下,在地表或地下一定深度所形成的矿床。根据成矿要素的配置关系,联生矿床可以分为内源外成和外源内成两种类型;根据宏观地质环境可分为海相和陆相两类。海底火山喷气(喷流)沉积矿床(热水沉积矿床)是典型的海相联生矿床,陆相油气资源和地热资源属于陆相联生矿床,而陆相火山-次火山高度开放型的容矿构造中通过流体的沸腾浓缩形成的浅成高温热液矿床也具有联生矿床的属性。联生矿床概念的提出有助于对成矿物质运动时空结构的全面理解。

The term cogenetic deposit is proposed to describe those formed through a combination of endogenetic and exogenetic processes, operating simultaneously at or proximal to the Earth＇s surface. In terms of ore-forming factors, deposits of this type can be further divided into two classes. The first class is genetically related to materials and heat sources derived from a depth but accumulated at or near the Earth＇s surface. The second refer to deposits formed at depth with materials from the Earth＇s surface. Based on formation environment, cogenetic deposits can be divided into submarine and continental types. Submarine sedimentary exhalation deposits are a typical example of submarine cogenetic deposit, whereas geothermal and part of oil and gas fields belong to continental ones. The xenothermal iron deposits formed in extremely open structural system in Ningwu volcanic basin can also be taken as an example of Cogenetic deposit, despite the temperature of mineralizing fluids are fairly high and associated with magmatic processes. The concept of cogenetic deposits in the ore deposits taxonomy represents an advance in metallogenic theories, and requires more systematic understanding of the temporal and spatial relationship between mineralization and other geological processes and the transport and accumulation of ore-forming materials as well.