粤北蔗区原料蔗低糖的成因与对策

Reasons and countermeasures on low millable cane sucrose content of sugarcane in northern Guangdong province

对粤北蔗区原料蔗低糖原因的分析结果表明:冬春季节甘蔗播种和蔗苗生长期间低温阴雨天气多发,以及秋季甘蔗生长后期干旱低温天气出现早,是造成当地原料蔗低糖的主要环境因素;品种老化、退化严重,植期过迟,偏施、重施速效氮肥以及病虫草害发生严重,是导致原料蔗低糖的主要原因;而原料蔗质量差、夹杂物多,砍、运、榨不协调,砍后堆放时间过长等造成了原料蔗蔗糖分进一步下降。针对原料蔗低糖的成因,提出了相应的对策:加快推广早熟高糖品种;提早种植;推广地膜覆盖栽培、测土配方施肥和综合防治病虫草害等技术措施;改革甘蔗种植和收购模式,推行订单农业、保底收购,稳定蔗源;加强原料蔗砍、运、榨计划管理,提高砍收质量,减少收获后蔗糖分的损失。

Reasons of low millable cane sucrose content of sugarcane in northern Guangdong province were deeply discussed in this paper. It pointed out that the continual low temperature and cloudy weather for days in winter-spring, as well as the early dry and low temperature in autumn, were the major environmental factors which caused a low millable cane sucrose content. Poor varieties with ageing and degeration, late planting, applying too much fast active chemical nitrogen fertilizer, serious damages caused by pests, diseases and weeds, were the major reasons to produce a low millable cane sucrose content. High trash rate in millable cane and big loss of sucrose content after harvest, made the millable cane sucrose content fewer. Some countermeasures were proposed： extending new varieties with early maturing and high sucrose content, early planting with plastic film covering cultivation, fertilizing according to soil diagnosis and relying on base fertilizer, synthetical controlling pests, diseases and weeds. Reforming planting and purchasing system, implementing contract sugarcane production, purchase cane with a guaranteed price, stabilizing cane production area, would lay a good foundation for sicientific planing harvest, traspotation and grinding. Other measures, including strenthening management of harvest, transportation and grinding, improving millable cane guality, decreasing the loss of sucrosse content after harvest, were also proposed.