雌激素与脱氢表雄酮改善去势雌兔动脉粥样硬化的对比研究

Comparision of the effects between estrogen and dehydroepiandrosterone on improving atherosclerosis of ovariectomized rabbits

目的:比较雌激素与普拉睾酮(脱氢表雄酮,DHEA)对卵巢切除(OVX)的去势雌兔动脉粥样硬化形成的影响。方法:将30只3月龄新西兰雌兔随机分为五组,即正常对照组、假手术+高脂饮食组、OVX+高脂饮食组、OVX+高脂饮食+苯甲酸雌二醇(E2)组和OVX+高脂饮食+DHEA组。喂养12周末采血,分别测定血脂以及血清一氧化氮(NO)、E2水平;取主动脉及子宫行组织形态学观察以及在光镜和扫描电镜下行病理学检查,利用图像分析仪计算动脉粥样硬化斑块内膜面积比和内膜中膜厚度比、面积比。结果:①12周末对照组兔血清总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)与其他各组相比均有显著性统计学意义(P<0.05),而对照组外的各组间差异均无统计学意义。②OVX+高脂饮食+苯甲酸E2组与OVX+高脂饮食组相比三酰甘油(TG)差异显著(P<0.05)。③OVX+高脂饮食+苯甲酸E2组与OVX+高脂饮食+DHEA组的血清NO水平与OVX+高脂饮食组相比差异非常显著(P<0.01)。④OVX+高脂饮食+苯甲酸E2组和OVX+高脂饮食+DHEA组的血清E2水平与OVX+高脂饮食组相比差异亦非常显著(P<0.01)。⑤OVX+高脂饮食+苯甲酸E2组和OVX+高脂饮食+DHEA组的主动脉硬化斑块面积与动脉内膜比值,内膜中膜厚度比、面积比显著低于OVX+高脂饮食组(P(0.01)。⑥OVX+高脂饮食+苯甲酸E2组子宫内膜增生明显,而OVX+高脂饮食+DHEA组无此现象。结论:雌激素和DHEA均可减轻动脉粥样硬化早期的病理改变,可预防和减少动脉粥样硬化的形成。

Objective：To compare the effects between estrogen and Prasterone （Dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA） on improving atherosclerosis of ovariectomized rabbits. Methods： Thirty female New Zealand white rabbits of three months old were randomly divided into five groups： Group A： normal control; Group B： sham operation ＋ high cholesterol feeding; Group C： ovariectomized ＋ high cholesterol feeding; Group D： ovariectomized ＋ high cholesterol feeding ＋ estradiol benzoate; Group E： ovariectomized ＋ high cholesterol feeding ＋ DHEA. Twelve weeks later, all rabbits were sacrificed, the serum TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, NO and estradiol levels were measured. The aortas and uterus were harvested for histomorphometrical evaluation with light and scanning electron microscope. The area ratios of atherosclerotic lesion to endothelium, and the thickness and area ratios of endothelium to the medium were determined by computer. Results： ①Following the treatment for 12 weeks, no significant difference was found in serum TC,LDL-C,HDL-C levels among four groups except in group A. ②There were significant differences between the serum triglyceride （TC）levels of group D and group C. ③The serum No levels of group D and group E were significantly higher than that of groupC. ④The serum estradiol levels of group D and group E were significantly higher than that of groupC. ⑤The area ratios of atherosclerotic lesion to endothelium and the thickness and area ratios of endothelium to the medium in group D and group E were significantly lower than that of group C. ⑥Endometrial hyperplasia of group D was significant, while there was no such Phenomena in group E. Conclusion： Estrogen and DHEA can alleviate the early pathological changes of atherosclerosis of the ovariectomized rabbits, prevent and reduce the formation of atherosclerosis.