西南桦人工纯林与混交林群落学特征比较

Community Characteristics of Artificial Pure Forest and Mixed Forest of Betula alnoides

通过样地法比较了西南桦纯林、西南桦+山桂花(Paramichelia baillonii)和西南桦+马尖相思(Acacia mangium)3个人工群落的群落学特征,并与次生林和山地雨林的群落学特征进行比较。结果发现,3个群落都以高位芽植物为主,其次为地面芽植物;在高位芽植物中又都以小高位芽植物比例较高;3个群落的叶型谱以小型叶为主,光照生态类型谱以阳生种类为主,水分生态类型谱以中生种类占优势。生活型谱、叶型谱和水分生态类型谱都与热带山地雨林的群落一致。从3种人工林的群落学特征和物种多样性看,西南桦+马尖相思混交林的物种多样性值最高,说明其植物种类成分复杂,生境优越,群落破坏后恢复能力最强,最有利于向顶极演替发展。

A survey was conducted to study the community characteristics of artificial Betula alnoides pure forest, mixed forests of Betula alnoides with Paramichelia baillonii and Betula alnoicles with Acacia mangium. The difference in community characteristics of these three forest types were analysed by comparing with secondary forests and tropical montane rain forest in Xishuangbanna. Results show that phanerophytes is the dominant life form in the three forests, in which micro-phanerophytes is in the largest proportion, and then followed by hemicryptophytes. In the three communities, the principal leaf size is mesophyll, the main light eco-form is heliophyle, and the dominating water eco-form is mesophyte. The life form spectrum,leaf size spectrum and water eeo-form spectrum of the communities are similar to those in tropical montane rain forest in Xishuangbanna. The mixed forest of Betula alnoides with Acacia mangium has a better hydrothermal condition and a higher species diversity,which indicates its richness in species composition and predominance in habitat. It is beneficial for vegetation restoration and evolves to a climax community.