大麦耐非生物胁迫相关分子标记研究进展

Research Advance of Molecular Markers for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Barley

综述分子标记在大麦耐非生物胁迫研究中的应用及其研究进展,包括发育基因效应、野生种或地方种的变异、遗传(QTLs)图谱等。现代引种和育种过程引起物种的遗传变异趋于狭窄、多样性减少,由此可能加重疾病、害虫和非生物胁迫等危害的潜在威胁。发育基因对环境胁迫具有较强的多态性效应;野生大麦和原始地方种为提高耐胁迫性提供了丰富的遗传变异资源。大麦遗传多样性的分离鉴定、遗传图谱构建、及数量性状位点(QTL)分析和分子标记辅助选择,将有助于更好地利用野生种质优良抗性,更有效的选择耐(抗)性基因型。文末从正反两方面简要讨论了分子标记在大麦耐非生物胁迫遗传育种研究中作用。

This article represents some of the major aspects of abiotic stress research in barley including developmental genes, wild species/landrace variation, and genetic mapping （QTLs）, and the research advance and current objectives in the use of molecular markers to abiotic stress tolerance. The processes of selection, introduction and modem breeding have resulted in a drastic narrowing of the genetic variation of crop species, including barley, and have led to greater susceptibility of many crops to diseases, pests and abiotic stresses. The developmental genes often have pleiotropic effects on a number of traits including abiotic stress tolerance, and wild barley and primitive landraces have already proven to be a very fruitful source of genetic variation for modem crop improvement. These gene pools can be exploited using conventional crossing procedures, but with the aid of genetic maps, markers and quantitative trait locations （QTL analysis） greater precision can be obtained in selecting desired genotypes tolerant/resistant to abiotic stress using wild species. Genetic markers have played a major role throughout the various marker systems used in abiotic stress research in barley breeding, their pros and cons, are briefly discussed in this paper.