从“灵魂”到“心理”——心理学方法论与心理学研究对象的关系

From Soul to Psychology——the Relationship Between Methodology and Research Subject of Psychology

哲学心理学依赖理性与经验思辨,对人类的精神领域做了基本的划分,为现代心理概念的诞生准备了智性基础。在自然科学的洗礼下,关注人的灵魂的哲学家掌握了分析和考察研究对象的科学方法,于是现代的“心理”概念诞生了。因而整个现代心理学也就成为科学方法论与研究对象之间关系的历史展开。内省与经验、观察与行为、隐喻与认知及潜意识等构成了这对关系的主要内容。心理学发展的实质就是变革心理学的方法论,进而扩展心理学的视野。对现代心理学而言,这种变革主要体现在从实证的方法论原则向隐喻的方法论原则转变。

Philosophical psychology makes a division of the domain of man＇s spirit by logic and experiential reflection,which prepared the intellectual basis for the birth of the concept of modem psychology, created by the philosophers who focused on the soul and mastered the scientific methods to analyze and explore the subject. So the whole modem psychology is the historical expanding of the relationship between psychological methodology and the research subject of psychology. And the content of the relationship includes reflection vs. experience, observation vs. behavior, metaphor vs cognition and subconscious. The essential of the development of psychology is the transformation of the psychological methodology, that is, transformation from positivism principle to metaphorical principle in contemporary psychology.