再论北魏孝文帝改革——兼谈改革对民族融合规律的启示

Discussion on Reformation of Emperor Xiaowen at Beiwei Dynasty——and the Inspiration on Rules of Nations Amalgamation

北魏孝文帝改革涉及鲜卑人在政治、经济和文化等方面的变革,尤其是对鲜卑族的生活方式和风俗习惯,孝文帝欲以“全盘汉化”的措施促使鲜、汉民族早日融为一体。客观地讲,孝文帝改革对北魏历史、对鲜卑族的发展都起到了较大的推动作用,将北魏的民族融合进程推向了历史的新高潮。但改革措施具有明显的“强制汉化”的特点,鲜、汉民族融合进程中呈现出“捏合”的特征,这不仅不符合民族融合的规律,而且在一定程度上加速了北魏的灭亡。

The reformation, carried on Emperor Xiaowen, at Beiwei dynasty transformed politics, economy and culture of Xianbei people, especially their life styles and customs. The emperor reinforced Xianbei ethnic to integrate with Han ethnic by ＂entire Han style＂. Be objectively, the reformation brought development to both the dynastic and Xianbei history, and catalyzed nationalities integration to a new stage. However the ＂entire Han style＂ removed the characteristics of Xianbei ethnic. It resulted not only in the breakage of the nature rule of amalgamation, but acceleration the perdition of the Beiwei dynasty.