密疏的非常制参与与明代的皇权决策

The Abnormal Political Participation System of MISHU and the Emperor's Decision-making Power in Ming Dynasty

明代是中国历史上君主专制政治发展到顶峰的时期。决策权是君主专制的最主要的表现方式之一。明代皇帝的决策,通常是在内阁和司礼监的协作下来完成的,内阁和司礼监的协作机制是明代的正常体制,而在这些常制之外,明代还大行密疏政治。密疏政治的非常制参与,更加有利于皇帝对决策权的专断,从而强化了明代的专制皇权。

Ming Dynasty was the time when the politics of autocratic monarchy reached its peak in Chinese history. Holding the decision-making power was one of the most typical manifestations of autocratic monarch. The emperors decision-makings usually were cooperated by the Cabinet and the supervisory department in the Ming Dynasty. The institutions of the Cabinet and the supervisory department were the normal systems in Ming Dynasty, but beyond these, the abnormal MISHU politics was popular in Ming Dynasty. The abnormal participation of MISHU in decision-making was to the advantage of emperors＇dic ＂ ＂ Dynasty. tatorship, therefore, it enhanced the autocratic monarchy in Ming