公司股东股利分配请求权的思考

The Reflection on Shareholders' Rights to Dividend

公司股东股利分配请求权虽然作为股东的一项权利确立下来,但立法的粗糙与实务操作的不规范,以及与之相配套的理论研究的空缺等,严重影响了股东的这种物质性权利的实现。实际上,通过解析股利分配请求权的两种权利属性——期待权和既得权,该项股东权的分层次保护获得了依据;通过重构股利分配的公司利润基础以及利润分配方式等提供了该项股东权实现的充实基础;税收成本以及资本投资性质的研究角度使股利分配更具有可操作性;而法律责任机制的完善是最后一道保障。在此基础上,公司股东的股利分配请求权才获得了完整的意义。

Shareholders＇ fights to dividends has been setup as one kind of rights of shareholders, hut the vagueness of regulations and the irregular practice, and the deficiency of relevant theoretical study, have seriously inflected the realization of shareholders＇ rights to dividends. In fact, the protection of shareholders＇ rights to dividends has foundation by way of analyzing the two kinds of characters, that is prospecting rights and vesting rights; the realization of shareholders＇ rights has solid basis by way of reconstructing the concept and means of company＇s profits allocation; the study from the perspective of the cost of tax and investment make the allocation of dividends more practical; the system of legal liability is the fast safeguard. On this basis, shareholders＇ rights to dividends will have complete meaning.