医学毕业生胜任特征模型的构建

On the Construction of a Competency Model of Medical Graduates

目的参照GMER对医学毕业生的最基本能力要求,借鉴国内外有关“胜任特征”的研究理论和方法,将“胜任特征”概念引入我国医学教育领域,构建医学毕业生胜任特征模型,以研究医学毕业生为胜任将来临床医疗工作应具备的综合能力。方法根据文献调查和专家访谈,建立“医学毕业生胜任特征要素词典”,对医学毕业生应具备的胜任特征进行详细定义。采用自编问卷调查医学生对各胜任特征要素重要程度的态度评价。利用因子分析和层次分析法(AHP法)建立“医学毕业生胜任特征模型”。结果医学毕业生应具备的胜任特征可以被分为六个群,各胜任特征群和群内各要素在整个胜任特征模型中所占权重各不相同。结论医学毕业生胜任特征模型能够较好地衡量医学生的综合能力,对医学人才测评与选拔、医学教育教学方法改革有良好的借鉴作用。

Objectives Based on the Global Minimum Essential Requirement in Medical Education （GMER）, we tried to use the theories and methods of ＂competency＂ as a reference to introduce the concept of ＂competency＂ into medical education in China and to investigate the skills that medical graduates need for their prospective clinical work. Methods According to a literature search and expert interviews,the Glossary of Medical Graduates＇ Competencies was built to define the competencies needed by medical graduates. Students＇ attitudes toward those competencies were surveyed by questionnaires. Factor analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP） were used to analyze the data and to build the Medical Graduates＇ Competency Model. Results The competencies of medical graduates could be divided into six groups. The weighting of each competency group and specific competence was different. Conclusion The Medical Graduate Competency Model can be used to evaluate medical graduates＇ capacities. It has significant reference value for medical education,in terms of the evaluation of medical graduates and the reform of teaching methods.