上海市经济—环境系统的物质输入分析

Material Input Analysis of Shanghai Economic and Environmental System

对区域或城市经济—环境系统的物质输入分析,可以判断可持续发展所处的状态,进而为区域或城市制定循环经济发展战略提供依据。利用物质流的理论和方法,依据欧盟指导原则,分析了1990-2003年间上海市经济—环境系统的物质总需求和资源生产率等主要指标。研究结果表明:①上海市巨大的物质总需求和直接物质消耗给上海市的生态环境带来了巨大的压力;②1996年上海市的资源生产率是全国的1.22倍,但2000年日本的资源生产率是上海市的36倍;③影响上海市的物质总需求或者环境质量的关键因素是技术和制度能力。在上述的分析基础上,提出在2020年之前上海市发展循环经济要注重于输入端的减物质化和加强循环经济的技术支撑研究与开发以及制度能力建设。

The ohjection of the study is to estimate resource and environmental costs of the economic development, evaluate the sustainability of the economic-environmental system and help the decision-maker make hotter plan for circular economy. The material flow theory and methodology hased on the Eurostat guidelines have been applied to analyze quantitative characteristics of the total material requirement （TMR）, the direct material input（DMI） and the resource productivity（RP） in Shanghai during 1990- 2003. The conclusions are shown as follows： （1）The enormous total material requirement and direct material input cause huge pressure on the environment on the city of Shanghai. （2）The resource productivity in Shanghai is 1.22 times as much as that of China in 1996 and one thirtieths of that of Japan in 2000, which shows that the efficieney of the resource utilization in Shanghai is still low. （3） Technique level and institution capability have the key effects on total material requirement or environmental quality. Before 2020, Shanghai should focus on reducing the material input, developing technology and putting forward the institution capability for circular economy.