超声测量不同孕周胎儿肾脏大小及其临床意义

To measured the fetal renal size within different gestational age using ultrasonography and its clinical significances

目的：确立不同孕周正常胎儿肾脏大小指标,探讨产前超声检查胎儿肾脏生长指标与孕周的相关性,筛查肾脏和尿路的发育异常。方法：应用超声测量孕18-42周胎儿肾脏的长径、前后径和肾盂分离宽度,分析各孕周与胎肾长径、前后径的关系。结果：共收集625例孕18-42周单胎妊娠胎儿肾脏的测量值。胎儿左右肾脏测量的各参数差异无统计学意义,与孕周呈线性正相关,同时发现暂时性肾盂分离21例,短暂性肾盂分离11例,持续性肾盂分离9例,先天性泌尿系畸形5例。结论：测量胎儿肾脏长径、前后径、肾盂分离宽度,可作为判断不同孕周胎肾发育的可靠指标,能早期发现胎肾发育异常,进行临床干预和治疗。

Objective： To evaluate the correlation between fetal renal indices and gestational age by prenatal uhrasonography and detect the growth abnormality of the kidneys and urinary tract according as the establishment of growth indices of the normal fetal renal size within different gestational age. Methods： The correlation between fetal renal largest longitudinal distance （ FRLD）, fetal renal anterior - posterior distance （FRAD） and gestational age was analyzed under the measurement of the FRLD, FRAD and the separate width of the renal pelvis. Results： The fetal renal growth significances of 671 single -pregnant cases within 18 - 42w gestational age were collected. There was no significant difference in the diameters between right and left kidney. There was a positive correlation between the diameters and gestational age with a linear trend. There are 21 cases with temporary separation, 11 cases with momentary separation, 9 cases with continual separation of renal pelvis and 5 cases with congenital deformity of urinary tract. Conclusion ： FRLD, FRAD and the separate width of renal pelvis can be the reliably valid indices to assess the fetal renal growth with different gestational age. The measurement of the three indices can detect the growth abnormality of fetal kidneys in early phase to conduct clinical intervention and treatment.