4Lambert,W.E.Culture and language as factors in learning and e ducation [A]//F.E.Aboud & R.D.Meade (eds.).Cultural Factors in Learning and Education[C].Bellingham,Washingtan:Fifth Western Washington Symposium on Learning,1974.
5Gardner, R.C.Social Psychology and Second Language Learning: The Role of Attitudes and Motivation[M].London:Edward Arnold, 1985.
6Tremblay,P.F. & R.C.Gardner.Expanding the motivation construct in language Learning[J].Modern Language Journal,1995 (79): 505-502.
7Norton Peirce,B.Social identity, investment, and language learn ing[J].TESOL Quarterly,1995(29):9-31.
8Oxford,R.L.& J.Shearin.Language learning motivation: Expanding the theoretical framework[J].Modern language Journal,1994(78): 12-28.
