普通话中介语负迁移及应对策略

Negative Transfer of Interianguage in Mandarin and its Countermeasures

方言和普通话不是孤立存在的二元状态,它们之间还有许多中间状态,这些中问状态可能是静态的,也可能是动态的。普通话中介语就是由标准普通话、靠近普通话、方言普通话、方言这些相互连接而形成的连续体组成的。普通话中介语的迁移,一方面是方言逐渐向普通话靠拢的正迁移;另一方面是方言不断干扰向普通话靠拢的负迁移。而普通话中介语的负迁移主要来自于方言文化、方言态度以及方言语码转换等方面的影响。抑制普通话中介语负迁移可采取转变语言态度、限制方言使用域、改变学习普通话策略等应对策略,以最终达到向社会语码——普通话正迁移的目标。

Dialect and Mandarin are not independent of each other, between which it also lies a transitional state, which may be dynamic or static. The interlanguage in Mandarin is a continuum which is composed of standard Mandarin, near to Mandarin, dialectal Mandarin and dialect. The transfer of interlanguage in Mandarin has two sides： On the one hand, dialect shows positive transfer of Mandarin ; on the other hand, the influence of dialect has also the negative transfer which interferes with Mandarin. The negative transfer of interlanguage in Mandarin is the influence of dialectical culture, dialectical attitude and dialectical code - switching. The strategies of the negative transfer, which can finally lead to the positive transfer of Mandarin, are altering language attitude, confining occasion of using dialect and changing learning strategies, and so on.