从义素传承看“差(一)点儿VP”、“差(一)点儿没VP”的语法化——兼论一批所谓对立格式

Examine The Grammatical Process of "差(一)点儿VP"、"差(一)点儿没VP" from The Angel of Meaning Component Interim——Also on Some Socalled Antighesis Patterns

“差(一)点儿”是动词性固定结构。“差(一)点儿VP”句式整体意义表示“事态发展很接近某一程度”,并且强调这一发展的艰难性或不可抗拒性。“差(一)点儿没VP”句式有两种:A式实质上就是“差(一)点儿VP”句式,B式是“差(一)点儿VP”句式进一步语法化的形式。通常所说的这一类“对立格式”,大多是处于演化(主要是语法化)不同阶段的同一个句式,本文从义素传承角度对这类句式演化的几种代表模式作了探讨,认为句式的语法化主要表现为语用新义的固化和传承。

As a regular structure of verb, the meaning of ＂差（一）点儿＂ in sentence is that the development of events is nearing a certain extent, and emphasize the process is difficult and inevitable. There are two patterns of the sentence of ＂差（一）点儿没VP＂： A pattern is ＂差（一）点儿VP＂ in essence, and B pattern is the grammatical form of ＂差（一）点儿VP＂. Generally, these antighesis patterns are mostly the same sentence pattern of the different stage in evolutional process （mainly in grammatical process）. Several typical patterns of these sentences are argued in this paper from the angel of meaning component transmission, and the conclusion is that sentence grammaticalization is mainly the solidify and interim pattern of a new pragmatic meaning.