OPS和OPC系列稠油乳化降黏剂的研制

Preparation and Evaluation of Emulsifiers/Viscosity Reducers of OPS and OPC Series

以工业品烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚OP-n(n=4,6,8,10,15)为起始原料,合成了烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚乙酸盐OPC-n和磺酸盐OPS-n两个系列的阴-非离子表面活性剂。以酸值和黏度不同的胜利单家寺和陈庄稠油为实验油样。将OPC-n和OPS-n溶于矿化度5811 mg/kg的胜利标准盐水和NaCl、CaCl2盐水中作为水相,按油、水质量比7∶3在50℃用玻棒搅拌混合,观察是否形成水包油乳状液并测黏度进行确认。在胜利标准盐水溶液中,OPC-n和OPS-n乳化稠油所需的最低质量分数,随稠油、表面活性剂类型及氧乙烯链节数n而变,一般而言,OPC-n系列中的OPC-8和OPS-n系列中的OPS-4乳化稠油的性能最好,该最低质量分数值分别为0.05%或0.025%和0.025%。在NaCl盐水溶液中,OPC-n的该最低质量分数值与稠油和n有关,均随盐含量增加而增大,在盐含量≤15%时,抗盐性最好的OPC-8和OPC-10的该值≤0.05%;OPS-n的抗盐性好于OPC-n。OPC-n的抗钙性良好,钙盐含量为2%时该最低质量分数≤0.1%;OPS-n的抗钙性更好,钙盐含量为2%和3%时该最低质量分数仅为0.025%或0.05%。表6参5。

Starting from commercial surfactants alkyl phenyl polyoxyethylene ether （APPE） OP-n, where n = 4,6,8, 10, and 15, APPE acetates OPC-n and APPE sulfonates OPS-n are prepared. Heavy crude oil of Shanjiasi and Chenzhuang, Shengli, with different acid value and viscosity is taken as test oil. OPC-n and OPS-n are dissolved in a Shengli＇s standard brine of TSD = 5811 mg/kg to prepare solution of various mass fraction. The oil and the solution are mixed in mass ratio 7：3 at 50℃ under stirring with a glass rod and whether an O/W emulsion is formed or not is observed visually and evidenced by viscosity determining. In the Shengli＇s standard brine solution, the minimal surfactant mass fraction （MSMF） of OPC-n and OPS-n needed for O/W emulsion formation is dependent upon the oil, the surfactant type, and the EO number, n, and the lowest MSMF value is obtained for OPC-8 of OPC-n series, 0.05% or 0.025%, and for OPS-4 of OPS-n series, 0.025% ; each of these is the best emulsifier of the series for reducing heavy crude oil viscosity. In NaCl salt solution, the MSMF of OPC-n, being dependent upon the oll and the n value, increases with increasing salinity and is of ≤0.05% at salinity ≤15% for OPC-8 and OPC-10 as the most salt tolerant members of OPC-n series; OPS-n has more better salt toleraney than OPC-n. In CaCl2 salt water solution, the MSMF of OPC-n, being calcium salt tolerant, is 4 0.1% at CaCl2 mass fraction 2 % and of OPS-n as more better calcium salt tolerant type of surfactants is as low as 0. 025 % or 0.05 % at CaCl2 mass fraction 2 % and 3 %.