摘要
湖南省进行了18年土壤肥力与施肥效益监测的长期定位试验,就3个定位点不同施肥制度对稻田土壤微生物的影响进行了研究。结果表明,长期施肥土壤的有机质含量与细菌总数及放线菌总数之间无直接相关,土壤有机质含量的高低并不能作为评价土壤微生物多少的指标;真菌数量可反映土壤的肥力水平,土壤真菌数量可用来评价不同施肥制度的效果。施用30%有机肥和习惯施肥处理的氮素养分和硝化细菌数量较多,硝化细菌数量与有机质含量也无相关;长期施用大量有机肥(60%)的土壤反硝化细菌数量高于其它施肥处理,这可能与长期使用大量有机肥后土壤氧化还原电位降低有关。硫化细菌和反硫化细菌数量与土壤有机质含量无直接相关性,施肥可影响土壤硫素的供应。施用单质氮肥多的土壤,氨化细菌数量较多,而有机肥施用量高的土壤,氨化细菌数量较少。无肥区的土壤微生物活度最低,60%有机肥处理的土壤微生物活度最高。土壤有机质含量高,土壤微生物活度也高,两者呈正相关。保持农业土壤的健康要从多方面来进行联合调控,而不是单纯的采用某一农业技术来进行。
The effects of different fertilization systems on the microbes were studied with an 18 year long-term fix position experiment. The soil samples were collected from three sites in Hunan province. The results showed that the organic matter content was not directly correlated to the numbers of bacteria and actinomycetes and could not be used as the indicator for the soil microbes. The quantities of fungi could be used as the indicator for soil fertility based on this study. The nitrogen concentration and nitrifying bacteria in the soils treated with 30% organic matter or traditional fertilization were higher than those in the other soils. Nitrifying bacteria was not related to the organic matter content. Denitrifying bacteria in the soil treated with 60 % organic matter was higher than the others due to the lower oxygen concentration. The sulfur nutrient was significantly affected by fertilization system. The nitrogen fertilization could improve the quantities of ammonification bacteria in soil. Fertilization system significantly influenced the microbial activities in soil. The microbial activities in soil without fertilization were the lowest. The microbial activities increased with increasing of soil organic matter. Soil quality must be improved using multi-agricultural technologies instead of single technology.
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第3期430-435,共6页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
国家重大基础研究前期研究专项子专题"稻田生态系统健康与退化突变机制研究(2003CCB00300)"资助
关键词
施肥制度
土壤微生物
微生物活度
长期定位
fertilization systems
soil microorganism
microbial activities
long-term experiment