中学生概率学习中的错误及其教学策略

Misconceptions of Middle School Student’s Probability and Teaching Strategies

学习古典概率时,学生常常存在等可能偏见.学生学习统计概率时的错误表现在对随机性语言理解方面的错误以及预言和运用概念解决概率问题的错误.主观概率学习的错误表现为代表性启发的错误和可用性启发的错误.克服概率学习错误的教学策略有:让学生亲历具体的随机情境,帮助学生理解各种概率概念;运用各种具体化、可视化的教学策略,使概率的思维具体形象化;激发认知冲突,暴露错误概念,促进概念转变;创设“惑”境,引起认识冲突,形成有效信念.

Cognition of probability was a key to understand the world of randomness. However, misconceptions of student＇s probability often arised. Therefore, based on research on misconceptions of student＇s probability in western education, the paper probed into misconceptions and roots of student＇s probability. At last the paper provided some teaching strategies to overcome misconceptions of student＇s probability.