膜生物反应器的研究进展

Progress of Membrane Bioreactor

膜生物反应器是近年来发展的废水处理新技术,具有活性污泥浓度高、污泥龄长、占地面积小、投资省的特点。利用膜生物反应器进行污水处理不仅可以大大节约水资源,还可以大大节约能源,节省设备和运行费用,已成为二十一世纪研究热点。膜生物反应器是通过高效膜分离技术与活性污泥相结合,增大污泥中的特效菌来加快生化反应速率,提高废水处理效果。目前处理对象已从生活污水扩展到高浓度的有机废水和难降解的工业废水。本文综述了膜生物反应器在废水中的应用研究情况,并分析比较了各种膜材质的特点、适用范围以及膜的污染因素和清洗方法,展望了膜生物反应器的应用前景及进一步研究方向。

Membrane bioreactor is a new technology of water treatment which has been developed in recent years. Waste water treatment by means of membrane bioreactor can greatly save water resources, equipment and operating cost, reduce land occupied by equipment and avoid secondary pollution. At the same time, membrane bioreactor has many good characters such as covering small area, high automation, convenient fitting and maintaining, etc, Membrane biological reactor can be divided into separation membrane bioreactor, extraction membrane bioreactor and bubble less aeration membrane bioreactor according to the use of membrane module. Membrane fouling is a subject problem of hindering its development. Property of membrane itself and composition of wastewater together with process conditions are thought to be responsible for membrane pollution problem. The performance of membrane is expected to be improved by reverse-washing and cleaning method, so as to prolong the membrane life. There is an optimum backflush interval reported, it can applied for membrane cleaning. The characteristics and development for the membrane bioreactor and research about membrane were summarized in this paper. The existing problems of the membrane bioreactor for treatment the wastewater were discussed as well as the scopes of application of MBR, characteristics of membrane materials and the methods about membrane cleaning were shown. The applied foreground and further research directions of the membrane bioreactor were prospected.