卵母细胞人工孤雌激活研究进展

Progress in research on oocytes parthenogenetic activation

孤雌激活是指处于第二次减数分裂中期卵母细胞不经过雄性配子的作用,而在某些理化因素的刺激下恢复并完成减数分裂,进行有丝分裂发育到胚胎的过程。卵母细胞的激活是以Ca2+为第二信使,成熟促进因子(MPF)、细胞分裂素活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)、细胞静止因子(CSF)等细胞因子灭活综合作用的结果。人工孤雌激活方法包括物理性激活和化学性激活以及联合激活方法,人卵母细胞的孤雌激活多以化学激活为主。孤雌激活的效果与激活方法、卵母细胞的卵龄、来源和培养条件等有关。

Parthenogenetic activation is a procedure that an oocyte at meiosis Ⅱ stage is activated into mitosis by some chemical or physical stimulation other than a sperm and the embryo is formed in the absence of any contribution from a male gamete. The activation of oocyte is the result of calcium ion oscillations and deactivation of some cytokines such as maturation promoting factor, mitogen-activated protein kinase and cytostatic factor. Parthenogenetic activation is artificially induced by various kinds of physical and/or chemical methods. The main activation method of human oocyte is chemical methods. The rates of activation and cleavage depend on the age,origin,and culture conditions of the oocyte.