音情之悲与词体之尊——李清照《词论》新探

The Sorrow of Lyric and the Respect for Ci as a Genre:A New Study on Li Qingzhao's Comments on Ci

李清照《词论》梳理词史,从本质上说,并非要做一种文学史层面的学术考察,而是为她提出词“别是一家”的尊体观念蓄势。音律问题只是李清照勘察唐五代北宋词史的学术基础,而在音乐和歌词中抒发悲哀情感和张扬凄美意识,才是李清照心目中的填词高境,而李清照自己的词也是以带有文人气质的悲音悲情和深意远韵为主导的,以此可见李清照理论与创作的一致性。李清照强烈的女性意识和尊体观念,决定了她的批评只能是以否定为基本方式。李清照不取传统文学批评“摘句”的批评模式,而注重在清理词史的过程中来论定词人得失,更具理论的涵盖力。她的著述视野既有创作者的理论自审,也有接受者的审美需求和研究者的条贯分析,其中更融入了女性的冷静细密和恢复词体本原之尊的使命意识。

Li Qingzhao's motive of writing Comments on Ci to sort out the history of Ci, in essence, was not an academic study on history of literature, but a preparation for bringing forth the conception that Ci is a special literature genre. In her mind, the temperament was just the academic base to study the history of Ci in the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties Period. The ideal state of writing Ci was expressing the pathos in the lyric of works. Consistent with her conception, her own works was full of the literati's affection. Negation was the major way of her critiques, which was decided by her strong womanhood and concept of respect for Ci as a genre. Therefore, she did not use the traditional method of word selection, but discussed the success and failure in the process of sorting out the history of Ci. The book contains her theoretical self-examination as an author, her aesthetic need as a reader, and her detailed analysis as a researcher. Besides, the book also contains her calmness and particularity as a female and her consciousness to renew the respect for Ci as a genre.