不同生态条件下粳型两系杂交稻杂种优势分析

Analysis of heterosis in two-line Japonica hybrid rice under different environments

在昆明(粳稻区,海拔1901 m)、玉溪(籼粳交错区,海拔1636 m)两种生态环境下对11个粳型两系杂交稻组合及其父本农艺性状的变化和杂种优势进行研究。结果表明,在昆明和玉溪之间粳型两系杂交稻组合及其父本株高、穗长和结实率无显著性差异,受环境影响较小,而有效穗、每穗粒数、每穗实粒数、千粒重和理论产量均达极显著性差异;在玉溪有效穗、千粒重和理论产量明显高于昆明,而每穗粒数和每穗实粒数明显低于昆明。在昆明粳型两系杂交稻组合穗长和千粒重具有负向超亲优势,其余性状为正向超亲优势;在玉溪株高、千粒重和结实率方面存在负向超亲优势,其余性状为正向超亲优势;在两种生态环境下有效穗、每穗粒数、每穗实粒数和理论产量均为正向超亲优势,而千粒重均为负向超亲优势。

The different agronomic traits and the over male parent heterosis （OPH） of two-line japonica hybrid combinations and their parents were comparative studied in Kunming （Ah. 1901 m） and Yuxi （Alt. 1636 m）. The results indicated that number of panicles per plant, number of spikelets per panicle, number of grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight and theoretic yield were more sensitive to environment, as compared with plant height, panicle length and seed setting. Number of panicles per plant, 1000-grain weight and theoretic yield were higher, and number of spikelets per panicleand and number of grains per panicle were lower in Yuxi than in Kunming. The japonica hybrid combinations showed negative OPH in panicle length and 1000-grain weight, positive OPH the other traits in Kunming, and also showed that negative OPH in plant height, 1000-grain weight and seed setting, positive OPH the other traits in Yuxi. In addition, the Japonica hybrid combinations showed positive OPH in number of panicles per plant, the number of spikelets per panicle, number of grains per panicle and theoretic yield, and negative OPH in 1000-grain weight in both Kunming and Yuxi.